Glossary

A.B.C.

American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics, and Pedorthics, Inc.

Anopia

The absence of the eye.

Anophthalmia

Congenital absence of the eyes.

Anterior

Front surface.

Anterior Chamber

The fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea’s innermost surface.

Artificial Eye

An ocular prosthesis that is now commonly made out of acrylic plastic.

A.S.O.

American Society of Ocularists

B.C.O.

Board Certified Ocularist

Canthus

The corner on each side of the eye formed by the junction of the upper and lower eyelids.

Collarette

A ring of color around the pupil.

Conformer

An acrylic plastic shell used to help form the eye socket and support the eyelids after surgery.

Conjunctiva

The mucous membrane that covers the implant and the inner surface of the eyelids.

Cornea

The transparent covering of the eyeball that is continuous with the sclera.

Cul-de-sacs

Tissue pockets within the eye socket cavity.

Edema

Swelling.

Enucleation

Surgical removal of the entire eyeball. Replaced by an orbital implant and fit with an artificial eye.

Evisceration

Surgical removal of the iris and cornea. Replaced by an orbital implant and fit with a scleral shell.

Extraocular Muscles

The six muscles connected to the eyeball that control eye movement.

Flashes

Commonly reported as streaks of light, when the retina tears, sometimes leding to retina detachment.

Floaters

Commonly reported as spots floating in front of the eyes, when the retina tears, sometimes leding to retina detachment.

Glaucoma

Group of diseases characterized by intra-ocular pressure, resulting in damage to the optic nerve fibers.

Implant

A spherical device placed in the eye socket to replace the orbital volume after removal of the eye or its contents. Normally made of acrylic plastic, silicone, or a bio-compatible material.

Inchemia

The restriction or blockage of blood flow through a blood vessel.

Inferior

Lower, as in inferior eyelid.

Iris

Colored portion of the eye.

Limbus

The colored ring between the iris and the sclera.

Macular Degeneration

Loss of the photoreceptors in the macula region of the retina, resulting in decreased central vision.

Medial

Towards the nose.

Microphthalmia

Abnormally small eye.

Monocular Vision

Seeing with only one eye.

Mucosa

Mucous membranes.

N.E.B.O.

National Examining Board of Ocularist.

Ocular Prosthesis

An artificial eye made of acrylic plastic.

Ocularist

A specialist of fitting and fabricating prosthetic eyes.

Oculoplastic Surgery

Subspecialty of opthalmology dealing with diseases and reconstructive aspects of the eyelids.

Opthalmologist

An eye care professional that specializes in the diagnosis and medical treatment of eye diseases and disorders.

Phthisis Bulbi

Shrinking of the eyeball following injury, infection, or disease.

Posterior

Back surface.

Ptosis

Drooping of upper eylid.

Pupil

Black spot in the iris.

Retinal Detachment

Usually caused by a retinal tear, which leads to decreased vision and sometimes blindness.

Sclera

White portion of the eye surrounding the iris.

Scleral Shell

A thin artificial eye that fits flush over a blind, malformed, or injured eye.

Stroma

Main body color of the iris.

Sulcus

Upper eyelid depression.

Superior

Upper, as in upper eyelid.

Tarsus

Plate-like framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape.

Temporal

Towards the ear.